美国留学 敏感专业详细列表

　　The State Department maintains a Technical Alert List, also known as the sensitive major list, to guide their evaluation of visa submission.

　　Sorted by rate.

　　CRITICAL FIELDS LIST

　　A. CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS: Technologies associated with:

　　-- Warheads and other large caliber projectiles

　　-- Reactive armor and warhead defeat systems

　　-- Fusing and arming systems.

　　-- Electronic countermeasures and systems

　　-- New or novel explosives and formulations

　　-- Automated explosive detection methods and equipment

　　B. NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY: Technologies associated with

　　production and use of nuclear material for both peaceful and military applications. Included are technologies for:

　　-- Enrichment of fissile material

　　-- Reprocessing irradiated nuclear fuel to recover produced

　　plutonium

　　-- Production of heavy water for moderator material

　　-- Plutonium and tritium handling

　　Also, certain associated technologies related to nuclear physics and/or nuclear engineering. Includes materials,equipment or technology associated with:

　　-- Power reactors, breeder and production reactors

　　-- Fissile or special nuclear materials

　　-- Uranium enrichment, including gaseous diffusion,centrifuge, aerodynamic, chemical, Electromagnetic Isotopic Separation (EMIS), Laser Isotope Separation

　　(LIS)

　　-- Spent fuel reprocessing, plutonium, mixed oxide nuclear research

　　Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)

　　-- Magnetic confinement fusion

　　-- Laser fusion, high power lasers, plasma,

　　-- Nuclear fuel fabrication including Mixed Oxide (uranium-

　　plutonium) fuels (MOX)

　　-- Heavy water production

　　-- Tritium production and use

　　-- Hardening technology

　　C. ROCKET SYSTEMS (including ballistic missile systems,space launch vehicles and sounding rockets) and Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) (including cruise missiles, target drones, and reconnaissance drones): Technologies associated with rocket systems and UAV systems. The technology needed to develop a satellite launch vehicle is virtually identical to that needed to build a ballistic missile.

　　D. ROCKET SYSTEM AND UNMANNED AIR VEHICLE (UAV) SUBSYSTEMS:

　　Propulsion technologies include solid rocket motor stages,and liquid propellant engines. Other critical subsystems include re-entry vehicles, guidance sets, thrust vector controls and warhead safing, arming and fusing. Many of these technologies are dual-use. Technologies include:

　　-- Liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems

　　-- Missile propulsion and systems integration

　　-- Individual rocket stages or staging/separation mechanism

　　-- Aerospace thermal (such as superalloys) and high-performance structures

　　-- Propulsion systems test facilities